Plant retroviruses: structure, evolution and future applications
نویسنده
چکیده
Retroelements, which replicate by reverse transcription, have been detected in higher plants, higher animals, fungi, insects and bacteria. They have been classified into viral retroelements, eukaryotic chromosomal non-viral retroelements and bacterial chromosomal retroelements. Until recently, retroviruses were thought to be restricted to vertebrates. Plant sequencing projects revealed that plant genomes contain retroviral-like sequences. This review aims to address the structure and evolution of plant retroviruses. In addition, it proposes future applications for these important key components of plant genomes.
منابع مشابه
Convergent Evolution of Ribonuclease H in LTR Retrotransposons and Retroviruses
Ty3/Gypsy long terminals repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are structurally and phylogenetically close to retroviruses. Two notable structural differences between these groups of genetic elements are 1) the presence in retroviruses of an additional envelope gene, env, which mediates infection, and 2) a specific dual ribonuclease H (RNH) domain encoded by the retroviral pol gene. However, similar to...
متن کاملA ricle Convergent Evolution of Ribonuclease H in LTR Retrotransposons and Retroviruses
Ty3/Gypsy long terminals repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are structurally and phylogenetically close to retroviruses. Two notable structural differences between these groups of genetic elements are 1) the presence in retroviruses of an additional envelope gene, env, which mediates infection, and 2) a specific dual ribonuclease H (RNH) domain encoded by the retroviral pol gene. However, similar to...
متن کاملآپتامرها و کاربردهای بیولوژیکی-درمانی آنها
Aptamers are the artificial single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences (more recently, peptides) that fold into secondary and tertiary structures making them bind to certain targets with extremely high specificity. Aptamers were reported for the first time in 1990, a number of their unique features make them a more effective choice than antibodies. Aptamers typically generated through Systematic Ev...
متن کاملRetrotransposons and retroviruses: analysis of the envelope gene.
Retroviruses and long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons share a common structural organization. The main difference between these retroelements is the presence of a functional envelope (env) gene in retroviruses, which is absent or nonfunctional in LTR retrotransposons. Several similarities between these two groups of retroelements have been detected for the reverse transcriptase, gag, and...
متن کاملPathological and Evolutionary Implications of Retroviruses as Mobile Genetic Elements
Retroviruses, a form of mobile genetic elements, have important roles in disease and primate evolution. Exogenous retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have significant pathological implications that have created a massive public health challenge in recent years. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are the primary focus of this review, can also be pathogenic, as well as be...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2013